Ukwenza iingxaki kunye nokulungiswa kwiiPCB kunokwandisa ubomi beesekethe.Ukuba i-PCB ephosakeleyo idibene ngexesha lenkqubo yendibano ye-PCB, ibhodi ye-PCB inokulungiswa ngokusekelwe kubume bokungasebenzi.Apha ngezantsi kukho iindlela zokulungisa iingxaki kunye nokulungisa iiPCB.
1. Indlela yokwenza ulawulo lomgangatho kwi-PCB ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa?
Ngokwesiqhelo, iifektri ze-PCB zinezixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye neenkqubo ezibalulekileyo ezenza ukuba kulawuleke umgangatho wee-PCBs kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa.
1.1.Ukuhlolwa kwe-AOI
Uhlolo lwe-AOI luskena ngokuzenzekelayo amalungu angekhoyo, indawo engafanelekanga, kunye nezinye iziphene kwi-PCB.Isixhobo se-AOI sisebenzisa iikhamera ukubamba imifanekiso emininzi yePCB kwaye siyithelekisa neebhodi zereferensi.Xa ukungafani kufunyenwe, kunokubonisa iimpazamo ezinokwenzeka.
1.2.Flying Probe Testing
Uvavanyo lwe-Flying probe lusetyenziselwa ukuchonga iisekethe ezimfutshane nezivulekileyo, amacandelo angachanekanga (ii-diode kunye nee-transistors), kunye neziphene kukhuseleko lwe-diode.Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungisa iPCB zingasetyenziswa ukulungisa iibhulukhwe ezimfutshane kunye neziphene zecandelo.
1.3.Uvavanyo lweFCT
I-FCT (uVavanyo oluSebenzayo) lujolise ikakhulu kuvavanyo olusebenzayo lweePCB.Iiparamitha zokuvavanya zibonelelwa ziinjineli kwaye zinokubandakanya iimvavanyo ezilula zokutshintsha.Kwezinye iimeko, isoftware ekhethekileyo kunye neeprothokholi ezichanekileyo zinokufuneka.Uvavanyo olusebenzayo luvavanya ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwe-PCB phantsi kweemeko zokwenyani zokusingqongileyo.
2. Oonobangela abaqhelekileyo bomonakalo wePCB
Ukuqonda oonobangela bokungaphumeleli kwePCB kunokukunceda ukuba uchonge ngokukhawuleza iimpazamo zePCB.Nazi ezinye iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo:
Ukusilela kwecandelo: Ukutshintsha amacandelo anesiphene kunokuvumela ukuba isekethe isebenze ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukutshisa ngokugqithisileyo: Ngaphandle kolawulo olululo lobushushu, ezinye iinxalenye zinokutshiswa.
Umonakalo womzimba: Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu kukuphathwa kakubi,
ekhokelela kwiintanda kumacandelo, amalungu e-solder, i-solder mask layers, imikhondo, kunye neepads.
Usulelo: Ukuba iPCB isesichengeni seemeko ezirhabaxa, imikhondo kunye namanye amacandelo obhedu anokugqwala.
3. Indlela yokusombulula iimpazamo kwiPCB?
Uluhlu olulandelayo ziindlela ezisi-8:
3-1.Qonda iskim sesekethe
Maninzi amacandelo kwi-PCB, adityaniswe ngokulandelelwa kobhedu.Ibandakanya unikezelo lwamandla, umhlaba, kunye nemiqondiso eyahlukeneyo.Ukongeza, kukho iisekethe ezininzi, ezinje ngeefilitha, ii-decoupling capacitors, kunye nee-inductors.Ukuqonda oku kubalulekile kulungiso lwePCB.
Ukwazi ukulandelela indlela yangoku kunye nokwahlula amacandelo angalunganga kuxhomekeke ekuqondeni iskimu sesekethe.Ukuba iskimu asifumaneki, kunokuba yimfuneko ukubuyisela umva injineli yoyilo ngokusekwe kuyilo lwePCB.
3-2.UHlolo Olubonwayo
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, ukutshisa ngokugqithisileyo ngomnye woonobangela abaphambili beempazamo zePCB.Nawaphi na amacandelo atshisiweyo, umkhondo, okanye iijoyinti ze-solder zinokubonwa ngokulula xa kungekho galelo lamandla.Eminye imizekelo yeziphene ibandakanya:
- Ukugquma/ukugqithelana/kushiyeke amalungu
- Imizila engenambala
- Amalungu e-solder abandayo
- Isoda egqithisileyo
- Amacandelo elitye lengcwaba
- Iiphedi eziphakanyisiweyo/ezilahlekileyo
- Iintanda kwi-PCB
Zonke ezi zinto zinokujongwa ngokuhlolwa okubonakalayo.
3-3.Thelekisa kunye nePCB efanayo
Ukuba unenye iPCB efanayo enye esebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye enye inengxaki, kuba lula kakhulu.Unokuthelekisa ngokubonakalayo amacandelo, ukungahambi kakuhle, kunye neziphene kwimizila okanye nge-vias.Ukongeza, ungasebenzisa i-multimeter ukujonga igalelo kunye nokufundwa kwemveliso yazo zombini iibhodi.Amaxabiso afanayo kufuneka afumaneke njengoko iiPCB ezimbini ziyafana.
3-4.Yahlula Amacandelo Aneempazamo
Xa ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kunganelanga, unokuthembela kwizixhobo ezifana ne-multimeter okanye imitha ye-LCR.Vavanya icandelo ngalinye ngokusekwe kwi-database kunye neemfuno zoyilo.Imizekelo ibandakanya i-resistors, i-capacitors, i-inductors, i-diodes, i-transistors, kunye nee-LED.
Ngokomzekelo, ungasebenzisa isethingi ye-diode kwi-multimeter ukujonga i-diodes kunye ne-transistors.Isiseko-umqokeleli kunye ne-base-emitter junctions zisebenza njenge-diode.Kuyilo lwebhodi yesekethe elula, unokujonga iisekethe ezivulekileyo nezimfutshane kuzo zonke iindibano.Seta ngokulula imitha ukuchasana okanye imo yokuqhubeka kwaye uqhubeke nokuvavanya unxibelelwano ngalunye.
Xa uqhuba iitshekhi, ukuba ukufundwa kungaphakathi kwenkcazo, icandelo lithathwa njengelisebenza ngokufanelekileyo.Ukuba ukufundwa akuqhelekanga okanye kuphezulu kunokuba kulindelwe, kunokubakho imiba kunye necandelo okanye i-solder joints.Ukuqonda i-voltage elindelekileyo kwiindawo zokuvavanya kunokuncedisa uhlalutyo lwesekethe.
Enye indlela yokuvavanya amacandelo ngohlalutyo lwe-nodal.Le ndlela ibandakanya ukusebenzisa i-voltage kumacandelo akhethiweyo ngelixa inganiki amandla isekethe yonke kunye nokulinganisa iimpendulo zombane (i-V-response).Chonga zonke iinodi kwaye ukhethe ireferensi eqhagamshelwe kumacandelo abalulekileyo okanye imithombo yamandla.Sebenzisa i-Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) ukubala ii-node voltages ezingaziwayo (variables) kwaye uqinisekise ukuba la maxabiso ahambelana nalawo alindelekileyo.Ukuba kukho imiba eqatshelwe kwindawo ethile, ibonisa impazamo kuloo node.
3-5.Uvavanyo lweeSekethe eziDityanisiweyo
Ukuvavanya iisekethe ezidibeneyo kunokuba ngumsebenzi omkhulu ngenxa yobunzima bazo.Nazi ezinye iimvavanyo ezinokuthi zenziwe:
- Chonga zonke iimpawu kwaye uvavanye i-IC usebenzisa i-logic analyzer okanye i-oscilloscope.
- Khangela ukuba i-IC ijoliswe ngokuchanekileyo.
- Qinisekisa ukuba zonke ii-solder joints eziqhagamshelwe kwi-IC zikwimeko efanelekileyo yokusebenza.
- Ukuvavanya imeko nayiphi na i-heat sinks okanye i-thermal pads exhunywe kwi-IC ukuqinisekisa ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu obufanelekileyo.
3-6.Ubonelelo lwaMandla ovavanyo
Ukucombulula iingxaki zobonelelo lwamandla, kuyimfuneko ukulinganisa umbane kaloliwe.Ukufundwa kwi-voltmeter kunokubonakalisa ixabiso legalelo kunye nemveliso yamacandelo.Utshintsho kwi-voltage lunokubonisa iingxaki zesekethe ezinokwenzeka.Ngokomzekelo, ukufundwa kwe-0V kumzila wesitimela kunokubonisa isiphaluka esifutshane kumandla ombane, okukhokelela ekugqithiseni kwecandelo.Ngokuqhuba iimvavanyo zemfezeko yamandla kunye nokuthelekisa amaxabiso alindelekileyo kwimilinganiselo yokwenyani, ubonelelo lwamandla oluyingxaki lunokwahlulwa.
3-7.Ukuchonga iindawo eziHotspots zeSekethe
Xa iziphene ezibonakalayo zingafumaneki, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba ngokusebenzisa inaliti yamandla kungasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya isiphaluka.Ukudibanisa okungalunganga kunokuvelisa ubushushu, obunokuvakala ngokubeka isandla kwibhodi yesiphaluka.Enye inketho kukusebenzisa ikhamera yokujonga i-thermal, edla ngokukhethwa kwiisekethe eziphantsi kwe-voltage.Kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okhuseleko ayimfuneko ukuphepha iingozi zombane.
Enye indlela kukuqinisekisa ukuba usebenzisa isandla esinye kuphela kuvavanyo.Ukuba indawo eshushu ifunyenwe, kufuneka ipholiswe phantsi, kwaye ke zonke iindawo zokudibanisa kufuneka zihlolwe ukufumanisa apho umba ulele khona.
3-8.Ukusombulula ingxaki nge-Signal Probing Techniques
Ukusebenzisa obu buchule, kubalulekile ukuba ube nokuqonda amaxabiso alindelekileyo kunye neefom zamaza kwiindawo zovavanyo.Uvavanyo lombane lunokwenziwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kusetyenziswa i-multimeter, i-oscilloscope, okanye nasiphi na isixhobo sokubamba i-waveform.Ukuhlalutya iziphumo kunokunceda ekukhetheni iimpazamo.
4. Izixhobo ezifunekayo kuLungiso lwePCB
Ngaphambi kokuba kulungiswe nakuphi na ukulungisa, kubalulekile ukuqokelela izixhobo eziyimfuneko kumsebenzi lowo, njengoko intetho isithi, 'Imela ebuthuntu ayiyi kugawula iinkuni.'
● Itafile yokusebenza ene-ESD grounding, iisokethi zombane, kunye nezibane zibalulekile.
● Ukunciphisa ukothuka kwe-thermal, izifudumezi ze-infrared okanye izifudumezi zangaphambili zingafuneka zifudumeze kwangaphambili ibhodi yesekethe.
● Inkqubo yokomba echanekileyo iyadingeka ukuze kufakwe i-slot kunye nokuvulwa kwemingxuma ngexesha lokulungiswa.Le nkqubo ivumela ulawulo phezu kobubanzi kunye nobunzulu beendawo zokubeka.
● I-iron efanelekileyo ye-solder iyimfuneko ukuze i-soldering iqinisekise ukuba i-solder joints efanelekileyo.
● Ukongeza, i-electroplating nayo ingafuneka.
● Ukuba umaleko wesigqubuthelo sobuso wonakele, kuya kufuneka ukuba ulungiswe.Kwiimeko ezinjalo, i-epoxy resin layer ikhethwayo.
5. Imiqathango yoKhuseleko ngexesha loLungiso lwePCB
Kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela ukuphepha iingozi zokhuseleko ngexesha lokulungiswa.
● Izixhobo ezikhuselayo: Xa ujongene nokushisa okuphezulu okanye amandla aphezulu, ukugqoka izixhobo zokukhusela kuyimfuneko.Iiglasi zokhuseleko kunye neiglavu kufuneka zinxitywe ngexesha le-soldering kunye neenkqubo zokugaya, ukukhusela kwiingozi ezinokuthi zibekho kwiikhemikhali.
Ukunxiba iiglavu ngelixa ulungisa iiPCB.
● I-Electrostatic Discharge (ESD): Ukuthintela ukutshitshiswa kombane okubangelwa yi-ESD, qiniseka ukuba ukhupha umthombo wamandla kwaye ukhuphe nawuphi na umbane oseleyo.Unokunxiba iibhanti ezisezantsi okanye usebenzise ii-anti-static mats ukuze unciphise ngakumbi umngcipheko we-ESD.
6. Uyilungisa njani iPCB?
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kwi-PCB zihlala zibandakanya iziphene kwimizila, izixhobo, kunye neepads ze-solder.
6-1.Ukulungisa Imizila eyonakeleyo
Ukulungisa iitrayisi ezaphukileyo okanye ezonakalisiweyo kwi-PCB, sebenzisa into ebukhali ukuveza indawo engaphezulu yomkhondo kwaye ususe imaski ye-solder.Coca indawo yobhedu kunye ne-solvent ukususa nayiphi na i-debris, inceda ukufezekisa ukuqhubela phambili kombane.
Kungenjalo, uyakwazi solder jumper iingcingo ukulungisa umkhondo.Qinisekisa ukuba i-diameter yocingo ihambelana nobubanzi bomkhondo wokuqhuba kakuhle.
6-2.Ukutshintsha Amacandelo Anempazamo
Ukutshintsha amacandelo awonakeleyo
Ukususa amacandelo aphosakeleyo okanye i-solder ngokugqithiseleyo kumalungu e-solder, kuyimfuneko ukunyibilikisa i-solder, kodwa kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuphepha ukuvelisa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal kwindawo ejikelezileyo.Ukulandela la manyathelo angezantsi ukubuyisela amacandelo kwisekethe:
● Fudumesa amalungu e-solder ngokukhawuleza usebenzisa i-solder iron or desoldering tool.
● Emva kokuba i-solder inyibilikile, sebenzisa impompo yokukhupha amanzi ukususa ulwelo.
● Emva kokususa zonke iidibansi, icandelo liya kukhutshwa.
● Okulandelayo, hlanganisa inxalenye entsha uze uyithengise endaweni yayo.
● Sika ubude obuninzi becandelo elikhokelayo usebenzisa iintambo zocingo.
● Qinisekisa ukuba iitheminali ziqhagamshelwe ngokwe polarity efunekayo.
6-3.Ukulungisa iiPads Solder ezonakeleyo
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iipads ze-solder kwi-PCB zinokuphakamisa, zidle, okanye zophuke.Nazi iindlela zokulungisa i-solder pads ezonakalisiweyo:
IiPads Solder eziphakanyisiweyo: Coca indawo nge-solvent usebenzisa i-cotton swab.Ukubophelela i-pad endaweni, sebenzisa i-epoxy resin eqhubayo kwi-solder pad kwaye uyicinezele ezantsi, uvumele i-epoxy resin ukuba inyange ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nenkqubo yokuthengisa.
IiPads Solder ezonakeleyo okanye ezosulelekileyo: Susa okanye unqumle i-solder eyonakalisiweyo, utyhila umkhondo odibeneyo ngokukhupha imaski ye-solder malunga ne-pad.Coca indawo nge-solvent usebenzisa i-cotton swab.Kwi-solder pad entsha (edityaniswe kumkhondo), sebenzisa umaleko we-epoxy resin conductive kwaye uyikhusele kwindawo.Emva koko, yongeza i-epoxy resin phakathi komkhondo kunye nephedi ye-solder.Yinyange ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke nenkqubo ye-soldering.
Shenzhen ANKE PCB Co.,LTD
2023-7-20
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-21-2023
