Iinjineli zombane zihlala zijongana nengxaki yokumisela elona nani leleleya kuyilo lwePCB.Ngaba kungcono ukusebenzisa iileya ezininzi okanye iileya ezimbalwa?Usenza njani isigqibo kwinani leeleya zePCB?
1.Ithetha ntoni umaleko wePCB?
Iimaleko zePCB zibhekisa kumaleko obhedu alaminethiweyo ngesubstrate.Ngaphandle kwee-PCB ezinomaleko omnye ezinomaleko omnye kuphela wobhedu, zonke ii-PCB ezinemaleko amabini nangaphezulu zinenani elilinganayo lamaleya.Amacandelo athengiswa kumaleko angaphandle, ngelixa ezinye iileya zisebenza njengoqhagamshelwano lweingcingo.Nangona kunjalo, ezinye ii-PCB eziphezulu ziya kubethelela amacandelo ngaphakathi kweeleya zangaphakathi.
IiPCB zisetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zombane kunye noomatshini kumashishini ahlukeneyo, anje ngezixhobo zombane zabathengi, iimoto, unxibelelwano, i-aerospace, umkhosi kunye nezonyango.
amashishini.Inani leeleya kunye nobukhulu bebhodi ethile imisela amandla kunye nomthamo wePCB.Njengoko inani leeleya lisanda, ngokunjalo nokusebenza.
2.Indlela yokumisela inani leeNqaku zePCB?
Xa uthatha isigqibo ngenani elifanelekileyo leeleya zePCB, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izibonelelo zokusebenzisa umaleko ohlukeneyo ngokuchasene noomaleko omnye okanye kabini.Kwangaxeshanye, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqwalaselwe iingenelo zokusebenzisa uyilo lomaleko omnye ngokuchasene noyilo lwe-multilayer.Ezi meko zinokuvavanywa ngokwale mibono mihlanu ilandelayo:
2-1.Iza kusetyenziswa phi iPCB?
Xa kumiselwa iinkcukacha zebhodi yePCB, kubalulekile ukuba kuqwalaselwe umatshini okanye izixhobo eza kusetyenziswa kuzo iPCB, kwakunye neemfuno ezithile zebhodi yesekethe yezixhobo ezinjalo.Oku kubandakanya ukuchonga ukuba ngaba ibhodi yePCB iya kusetyenziswa kubuchwephesha kunye
iimveliso ze-elektroniki ezinzima, okanye kwiimveliso ezilula ezinomsebenzi osisiseko.
2-2.Ngawaphi amaxesha okusebenza afunekayo kwiPCB?
Umba wokusebenza rhoqo kufuneka uqwalaselwe xa kuyilwa iPCB kuba le parameter imisela ukusebenza kunye nomthamo wePCB.Kwisantya esiphezulu kunye nesakhono sokusebenza, iiPCB ezinamaleko amaninzi zibalulekile.
2-3.Yintoni uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweprojekthi?
Ezinye izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ziindleko zokwenziwa komntu omnye
kunye neePCBs ezinemaleko aphindwe kabini ngokuchasene neePCB ezinomaleko amaninzi.Ukuba ufuna iPCB enomthamo ophezulu kangangoko, iindleko ziya kuba phezulu kakhulu.
Abanye abantu babuza malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kwenani leeleya kwi-PCB kunye nexabiso layo.Ngokubanzi, okukhona i-PCB inamaleko, kokukhona linyuka ixabiso layo.Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuyila kunye nokwenza i-PCB enamaleko amaninzi kuthatha ixesha elide kwaye ke kubiza ngaphezulu.Itshathi engezantsi ibonisa ixabiso eliphakathi le-PCBs zomaleko amaninzi kubenzi abathathu abahlukeneyo phantsi kwezi meko zilandelayo:
PCB oda ubungakanani: 100;
Ubungakanani bePCB: 400mm x 200mm;
Inani leeleya: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.
Itshathi ibonisa ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-PCBs kwiinkampani ezintathu ezahlukeneyo, ngaphandle kweendleko zokuthumela.Iindleko zePCB zinokuvavanywa kusetyenziswa iiwebhusayithi zocaphulo zePCB, ezikuvumela ukuba ukhethe iiparamitha ezahlukeneyo ezifana nodidi lomqhubi, ubungakanani, ubungakanani, kunye nenani leeleya.Le tshati ibonelela kuphela ngombono jikelele we-avareji amaxabiso PCB ukusuka kubenzi abathathu, kwaye amaxabiso anokwahluka ngokwenani leeleya.Iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawe azifakwanga.Iikhaltyhuleyitha ezisebenzayo ziyafumaneka kwi-intanethi, zibonelelwa ngabavelisi ngokwabo ukunceda abathengi bavavanye iindleko zeesekethe zabo eziprintiweyo ezisekelwe kwiiparamitha ezahlukeneyo ezifana nohlobo lomqhubi, ubungakanani, ubuninzi, inani leeleya, izixhobo zokugquma, ubukhulu, njl.
2-4.Liliphi ixesha lonikezelo elifunekayo lePCB?
Ixesha lonikezelo libhekisa kwixesha elithathwayo ukwenza kunye nokuhambisa iiPCB ezingatshatanga/eziphindwe kabini/ezininzi.Xa ufuna ukuvelisa isixa esikhulu sePCBs, ixesha lonikezelo kufuneka lithathelwe ingqalelo.Ixesha lokuhanjiswa kwe-PCB enye/ephindwe kabini/ye-multilayer iyahluka kwaye ixhomekeke kubungakanani bendawo yePCB.Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba uzimisele ukuchitha imali eninzi, ixesha lokuhambisa linokufinyezwa.
2-5.Yeyiphi ingxinano kunye nomaleko wesiginali efunwa yiPCB?
Inani leeleya kwi-PCB lixhomekeke kuxinaniso lwe-pin kunye ne-signal layers.Ngokomzekelo, i-pin density ye-1.0 idinga iileyile ze-2 zesignali, kwaye njengoko i-pin density iyancipha, inani leeleyile ezifunekayo liya kwanda.Ukuba uxinano lwe-pin yi-0.2 okanye ngaphantsi, kufuneka ubuncinane iileya ezili-10 ze-PCB.
3.Izinto eziluncedo zoMaleko wePCB owahlukileyo - Umaleko omnye/uluhlu oluphindwe kabini/umaleko omninzi.
3-1.I-PCB yomgangatho omnye
Ulwakhiwo lwe-PCB ene-single-layer lulula, lubandakanya umaleko omnye womaleko ocinezelweyo kunye ne-welded yezinto zombane.Uluhlu lokuqala luhlanganiswe nesitya sobhedu, kwaye emva koko i-solder-resist layer isetyenziswa.Umzobo we-PCB-nomaleko omnye udla ngokubonisa imicu emithathu enemibala ukumela umaleko kunye nemigangatho yayo emibini yokugquma - engwevu kwi-dielectric layer ngokwayo, emdaka kwipleyiti enxibe ubhedu, kunye noluhlaza kwi-solder-resist layer.
Izinto eziluncedo:
● Iindleko eziphantsi zokuvelisa, ngakumbi ukuveliswa kwezinto zombane zabathengi, ezineendleko eziphezulu zokusebenza kakuhle.
● INdibano yamacandelo, ukomba, i-soldering, kunye nokufakelwa kulula, kwaye inkqubo yokuvelisa ayinakwenzeka ukuhlangabezana neengxaki.
● Uqoqosho kwaye lufanelekile kwimveliso yobuninzi.
● Ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwezoyilo ezinoxinano oluphantsi.
Usetyenziso:
● Iikhaltyhuleyitha ezisisiseko zisebenzisa umaleko omnye wePCBs.
● Oonomathotholo, njengewotshi yerediyo enexabiso eliphantsi kwiivenkile ezithengisa izinto ngokubanzi, ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa ii-PCB zodidi olunye.
● Oomatshini bekofu badla ngokusebenzisa iiPCB ezinomgangatho omnye.
● Ezinye izixhobo zasekhaya zisebenzisa iiPCB ezinomgangatho omnye.
3-2.I-PCB enamaleko amabini
I-PCB ephindwe kabini inamaleko amabini obhedu kunye ne-insulating layer phakathi.Amacandelo abekwe kumacala omabini ebhodi, yiyo loo nto ikwabizwa ngokuba yiPCB enamacala amabini.Zenziwa ngokudibanisa iileya ezimbini zobhedu kunye ne-dielectric material phakathi, kwaye icala ngalinye lobhedu linokudlulisa iimpawu zombane ezahlukeneyo.Zifanelekile kwizicelo ezifuna isantya esiphezulu kunye nokupakishwa kwe-compact.
Izibonakaliso zombane zihanjiswa phakathi kweengqimba ezimbini zobhedu, kwaye izinto ze-dielectric phakathi kwazo zinceda ukukhusela le miqondiso ukuba ingaphazamisani.I-PCB ene-double-layer yeyona bhodi yesekethe ixhaphakileyo kunye neyoqoqosho yokwenza.
IiPCB ezinomaleko kabini ziyafana neePCB zomaleko omnye, kodwa zinesiqingatha esisezantsi esinesipili esijongisiweyo.Xa usebenzisa iiPCB ezinomaleko kabini, umaleko wedielectric ujiya kunalowo wePCB ezinomaleko omnye.Ukongeza, kukho i-copper plating kumacala omabini aphezulu nasezantsi ezinto zedielectric.Ngaphezu koko, umphezulu kunye nomzantsi webhodi elaminethiweyo zigqunywe nge-solder resist layer.
Umzobo wePCB enamaleko aphindwe kabini idla ngokukhangeleka njengesangweji enamaleko amathathu, inomaleko otyebileyo ongwevu embindini imele idielectric, imigca emdaka kumaleko aphezulu nasezantsi amele ubhedu, kunye nemigca eluhlaza ebhityileyo phezulu nasezantsi. emele umaleko solder ukumelana.
Izinto eziluncedo:
● Uyilo oluguquguqukayo luyenza ifaneleke kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo.
● Isakhiwo esinexabiso eliphantsi esenza kube lula ukuveliswa ngobuninzi.
● Uyilo olulula.
● Ubungakanani obuncinci bulungele izixhobo ezahlukeneyo.
Usetyenziso:
I-PCBs eziphindwe kabini zilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zombane ezilula nezintsonkothileyo.Imizekelo yezixhobo eziveliswe ngobuninzi ezibonisa ii-PCB ezinomaleko kabini ziquka:
● Iiyunithi ze-HVAC, ukufudumala kweendawo zokuhlala kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa ezivela kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo zonke ziquka iibhodi zeesekethe eziprintiweyo eziphindwe kabini.
● I-Amplifaya, ii-PCB ezine-double-layer zixhotyiswe ngeeyunithi ze-amplifier ezisetyenziswa ziimvumi ezininzi.
● Abashicileli, iiperipherals zekhompyutha ezahlukeneyo zixhomekeke kwiiPCB ezinomaleko kabini.
3-3.I-PCB enemigangatho emine
I-PCB ene-4-layer yibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo enemigangatho emine yokuqhuba: phezulu, ezimbini zangaphakathi, kunye nezantsi.Zombini iileyile zangaphakathi zingundoqo, ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa njengamandla okanye indiza yomhlaba, ngelixa iileya zangaphandle eziphezulu kunye nezantsi zisetyenziselwa ukubeka izinto kunye nemiqondiso yendlela.
Iimaleko zangaphandle zidla ngokugqunywa nge-solder resist layer kunye neepads eziveziweyo ukubonelela ngamanqaku okubeka ukudibanisa izixhobo ezixhonywe phezulu kunye namacandelo omngxuma.Imingxunya etyhutyhayo iqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngonxibelelwano phakathi kwemigangatho emine, edityanisiweyo kunye ukwenza ibhodi.
Naku ukucalulwa kwezi maleko:
- Umaleko 1: Umaleko ongezantsi, odla ngokwenziwa ngobhedu.Isebenza njengesiseko sebhodi yesekethe yonke, inika inkxaso kwezinye iileyile.
- Uluhlu 2: Umaleko wamandla.Ithiywe ngale ndlela kuba inika amandla acocekileyo kunye nozinzile kuwo onke amacandelo ebhodi yesekethe.
- Umaleko wesi-3: Umaleko weplanethi ephantsi, esebenza njengomthombo osezantsi wawo onke amacandelo ebhodi yesekethe.
- Umaleko wesi-4: Umaleko ophezulu osetyenziselwa imiqondiso yendlela kunye nokubonelela ngeendawo zoqhagamshelwano zamacandelo.
Kwi-design ye-PCB ye-4-layer, ii-trace ze-4 zobhedu zihlulwe ngee-3 ze-dielectric zangaphakathi kwaye zitywinwe phezulu nasezantsi kunye ne-solder resist layers.Ngokuqhelekileyo, imithetho yoyilo 4-umaleko PCBs ziboniswa usebenzisa 9 imikhondo kunye 3 imibala - brown ngobhedu, grey for core kunye prepreg, kunye eluhlaza solder ukumelana.
Izinto eziluncedo:
● Ukuqina - IiPCB zomaleko ezine zomelele ngakumbi kunebhodi enye kunye neebhodi eziphindwe kabini.
● Ubungakanani obubambeneyo - Idizayini encinci yeePCB zomaleko-mane zinokungena uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo.
● Ukuguquguquka - IiPCB ezinomaleko amane zinokusebenza kwiindidi ezininzi zezixhobo zombane, kuquka ezilula nezintsonkothileyo.
● Ukhuseleko - Ngokulungelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo amandla kunye namaleya asemhlabeni, ii-PCB ezinemigangatho emine zinokukhusela uphazamiseko lombane.
● Ikhaphukhaphu - Izixhobo ezixhotyiswe ngePCB zomaleko-mane zifuna iingcingo zangaphakathi ezincinci, ngoko ke ziqhelekile ukuba khaphukhaphu ngobunzima.
Usetyenziso:
● IiNkqubo zeSathelayithi - Ii-PCB ezinomaleko amaninzi zixhotyiswe kwiisathelayithi ezijikelezayo.
● Izixhobo eziphathwa ngesandla - Ii-smartphone kunye neetafile zidla ngokuxhotyiswa ngee-PCB ezinomaleko omane.
● Izixhobo zokuHlola iSithuba - Iibhodi zeesekethe eziprintiweyo ezininzi zibonelela ngamandla kwisixhobo sokuhlola indawo.
3-4.6 umaleko pcb
I-PCB ene-6-layer yibhodi ye-4 enemigangatho emibini eyongezelelweyo eyongeziweyo phakathi kweendiza.I-stackup ye-PCB esemgangathweni ye-6-layer ibandakanya i-4 yeendlela zokuhamba (ezimbini zangaphandle kunye nezimbini zangaphakathi) kunye neenqwelo zangaphakathi ezi-2 (enye emhlabeni kunye enye yamandla).
Ukubonelela ngemigangatho yangaphakathi ye-2 yeempawu zesantya esiphezulu kunye ne-2 yangaphandle yeempawu zeempawu eziphantsi ngokukhawuleza kukhulisa kakhulu i-EMI (i-electromagnetic interference).I-EMI ngamandla emiqondiso ngaphakathi kwezixhobo zombane eziphazanyiswa yimitha okanye ukufakwa.
Kukho izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zokupakishwa kwe-PCB ene-6-layer, kodwa inani lamandla, umqondiso, kunye neengqimba zomhlaba ezisetyenzisiweyo zixhomekeke kwiimfuno zesicelo.
Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-PCB lwe-6-layer lubandakanya umaleko ophezulu - u-prepreg - umaleko wangaphakathi womhlaba - undoqo - umaleko womzila wangaphakathi - u-prepreg - umaleko womzila wangaphakathi - undoqo - umaleko wamandla wangaphakathi - u-prepreg - umaleko ongezantsi.
Nangona olu luqwalaselo oluqhelekileyo, lusenokungalungeli lonke uyilo lwe-PCB, kwaye kunokuba yimfuneko ukubeka kwakhona umaleko okanye ube nemigangatho ethile ngakumbi.Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwe-wiring kunye nokunciphisa i-crosstalk kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa ubeka.
Izinto eziluncedo:
● Ukomelela - Ii-PCB ezinomaleko ezintandathu zijiyile kunezo zandulelayo kwaye ngoko zomelele ngakumbi.
● Ukuqina - Iibhodi ezineeleya ezithandathu zobu bunzima zinamandla amakhulu obugcisa kwaye zinokusebenzisa ububanzi obuncinci.
● Umthamo ophezulu - Ii-PCB ezinemigangatho emithandathu okanye ngaphezulu zibonelela ngamandla afanelekileyo kwizixhobo zombane kwaye zinciphisa kakhulu ukuba nokwenzeka kokuphazamiseka kwe-crosstalk kunye ne-electromagnetic.
Usetyenziso:
● Iikhompyutha - ii-PCB ezinomaleko ezi-6 zincede ekuqhubeleni phambili uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweekhompyuter zobuqu, zizenza zixinene, zibe khaphukhaphu, kwaye zikhawuleze.
● Ukugcinwa kwedatha - Umthamo ophezulu we-PCBs enemigangatho emithandathu yenze ukuba izixhobo zokugcina idatha zande kakhulu kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo.
● Iinkqubo ze-alamu zomlilo - Ukusebenzisa iibhodi zeesekethe ezi-6 okanye ngaphezulu, iinkqubo ze-alamu zichaneka ngakumbi ngexesha lokubona ingozi yangempela.
Njengoko inani leengqimba kwibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo inyuka ngaphaya komgangatho wesine kunye nesithandathu, iileyile zobhedu eziqhubekileyo kunye nezixhobo zedielectric zongezwa kwi-stackup.
Ngokomzekelo, i-PCB enesibhozo iqulethe iinqwelomoya ezine kunye nemigangatho yobhedu yesignali emine - ezisibhozo zizonke - ezidityaniswe yimiqolo esixhenxe yezinto ze-dielectric.I-stackup ye-8-layer ivalwe nge-dielectric solder mask layers phezulu nasezantsi.Ngokusisiseko, isitaki se-PCB esinemigangatho esibhozo siyafana noluhlu oluthandathu, kodwa ngeperi eyongeziweyo yobhedu kunye nekholamu yeprepreg.
Shenzhen ANKE PCB Co.,LTD
2023-6-17
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-26-2023
